Clean Clicker Techniques

In the beginning it was not as important to focus on specific technique or what is known as "clean training". All you needed to know was get behavior-click-reward. As your goals become more advanced, you will want to clean up your technique.  Follow these rules and you will be a better trainer in no time:

Basic Clicker Training Rules

• Zenith popularized the saying "Quality goes in before the name goes on". In dog training this means we get the behavior exactly the way we want it before we attach a cue to it. So know your goal for the behavior before you start training.
• Remember, the click always means a treat is coming – even if you clicked mistakenly. It is important to protect that association, so your dog can rely on the training promise. You can always clarify what you wanted with later clicks.
• If your dog is distracted by a new environment or challenging conditions, "prime the pump" by doing 10-20 rapid fire click-n-treats. It does not matter what your dog is doing – this is about getting his/her brain in the game. This is the only time you can have treats in your hands as you click.

Clean Techniques

• Keep food in your treat bag or a container while you are training. Food in your hands may be "handy", but it also encourages your dog to watch your hands.
• Keep the treat bag out of sight when you are training (turn it around to the side or your back), so it is not an obvious cue to the dog. You should also wear the treat bag at times when you are not training so the dog is not overly aroused by its presence. 
• Keep your hands in a neutral position until AFTER you click. Reaching for a treat as you are about to click will cause your dog to focus on your hands. If you click when your dog is focused on your hands, you are saying that is what you want and it may interfere with the behavior you are actually trying to teach. 

Gimme here: I usually don't like having my person do anything without me, but in this case I know its been helpful.  Its important for my person to have good skills in our training games, so I can win easily and consistently.  After all, that's what its all about.

• Practice clicker training techniques without your dog:
  • Click & Deliver – Starting with your hands in neutral position, you will click, reach and get a treat from your bag, place the treat in a cup, then return your hand to neutral. Time this and see how many times you can do the sequence in sixty seconds. It can be challenging to do this rapidly and it takes practice. Have someone observe you for technique or videotape yourself so you aren’t unintentionally reaching for the treat too soon. Fifteen repetitions in sixty seconds is a decent score; twenty repetitions is excellent.
  • Clicker Timing – Have someone bounce a ball or toss a ball in the air for you. Your goal is to click when the ball reaches its highest point. You can also watch TV and click every time a tennis ball or basketball bounces. You can even click every time the newscaster says a common word like "and".

Eye Contact Game 102

How to Play the Eye Contact Game
Begin training in an place free of distraction, such as a bedroom or living room. Put a short leash on your dog or hold the leash so there is only a small amount of slack, but not tight. Have 10-15 treats in each hand and a container nearby with hundreds of treats readily available.

Gimme here:  I was such a busy and wild puppy that my person first taught me this game when I was in my crate so she didn't have to worry about tangling me in the leash.  After that we played it in the bathroom, living room and kitchen.  We've done it in the back yard, front yard and on the sidewalk.  We play this on our walks in the woods, in the car and in grocery store parking lots.  Its really cool to have a great game that you can take anywhere.  I really love playing learning games with my person.

Before starting the game, stand in a loose, relaxed posture, one foot out and shoulders slack. To start the game turn to face your dog, stand up straight with hands to your sides (fingers closed around the treats) and feet together while looking at your dog’s face.

When your dog glances at your face, say "yes" and give her a treat. If she does not look to your face in twenty seconds, then you may have to shape this in the beginning.

You might shape in small increments, such as "yes"/treat if she turns her face more toward you or looks at any part of your body (except your hands). Watch for behaviors that are closer and closer to what you want and "yes"/treat those until you get to the behavior you want. 

Shape from a look/glance at your face to a point where the dog is truly focusing on you with intent eye contact.

When your dog indicates it KNOWS the eye contact game by immediately giving you focused eye contact upon seeing your "on switch" posture, start to wait a little longer before saying "yes" to gradually lengthen the time of the eye contact. When you get to 30 seconds, start adding distractions, but expect a shorter duration initially.
　
Introducing Distractions
Decide in advance which distraction you will introduce and how you can do it in a gradual and careful way so your dog can succeed.

For example, your dog has learned to look at your face even though you have food in both hands and even though your hands are closer to him than your face. In preparation for teaching him to not dive on food, start by moving the food hands closer to his head and "yes"/treat when she is able to look away from the food hands to give you eye contact. In the beginning to make this easier for your dog, you might need to hold the food hands up and farther away from the dog’s face.

If your dog tries to sniff a food hand, then move that hand out of range (move it at medium speed, and not enticingly). When he stops sniffing it, carefully move it back toward him and be sure to catch a moment when you can "yes"/treat for eye contact. Moving the hand away interrupts the unwanted behavior and tells your dog that sniffing the hand is not an available option and will not earn a "yes"/treat.

Part of incrementing this distraction for the dog might be moving the hands in an enticing way, but from far enough away so the dog can resist the distraction. Other possibilities might be having your food hand peeking out from behind your body, waving the food hand overhead, moving the food hand to your lips and making munching noises.

Taking It On The Road
For most behaviors you'll wait until it is well established before taking it on the road, but you'll begin taking the eye contact game on the road very early in training. This teaches your dog that the game does not just apply at home, in the yard and at the training location. You want your dog to understand that all the things you teach him apply just as much in strange locations as they do in familiar settings.

To begin, take your dog with you in the car when you have errands to run (of course being aware of safety for your dog) or on planned training trips. At each stop, get the dog out of the car and play the eye contact game for 2 minutes. In the beginning it will be enough for your dog to give you any eye contact in a strange setting and you may even have to increment just like you did in first teaching the game. If your dog has difficulty giving you eye contact, you can do some things to make it easier and gradually introduce the road trip concept, such as:

          ·  You could leave your dog in the car while you do your errand,
           so she has a chance to look around at the environment before
           you start the game.
          ·  You can park at the far end of the parking lot and play the game
           standing right next to your car.
          ·  You can go to settings that are not especially interesting from a
           dog’s point of view.
          ·  You can play the game in the car.
          ·  You can stop every block and play the game while walking your
           regular route.

Distractions To Work Your Dog Through
The following is a laundry list of things that you can work through. Be creative and add to the list. It doesn’t matter if the things you teach seem "relevant" to dog training, since every distraction the dog overcomes teaches them how to resist distraction and makes them better and better at giving you their full attention. The only rules are:

Distractions must be presented in a gradual manner so that your dog can succeed.

Your dog must be having fun. If you want to work on something that your dog has shown fear or anxiety toward, you should discuss this with a dog training instructor (who only uses reward based training) to get assistance in desensitizing the fear and/or setting up things to be fair to your dog.

You must give your dog the same level of attention that you expect in return. If something happens that is distracting you from training, then end the session.

Remember: you are looking for an attitude from your dog that says, "You can’t fool me."

food in your hands near the dog’s face food on the ground
food dropped at your dog’s feet 
someone tossing food near yousomeone offering/teasing with foodanother dog eating food at your dog’s feet
poop or dead animals on the ground
cats and other small animals
farm animals, people riding horses
other dogs walking by
other dogs running by
other dogs running agility 
other dogs playing
children playing
people walking by from all directions
people running by from all directions
tennis ball bounced near the dog
enticing settings - woods or fast food place
people eating
someone (not family members) saying the dog’s name
someone saying your release word
someone riding a bicycle past you
you looking away
you swaying from side to side
you stepping from side to side
you high stepping
you running in place
you moving your feet very near your dog
you stepping over your dog
you gently bumping your dog with your foot or leg
you leaning over your dog
you kneeling
you sitting on the ground
you sitting in a chair
you turning around (pivoting) in place
you taking several steps in any direction
you talking to another person
you singing
cars driving by
in your yard while neighbors run power equipment/lawn mower
in your yard with mad crows cawing at you
at your vet’s office in the waiting room
food tossed from your hands on the ground

Eye Contact Game 101

Why Teach Your Dog The Eye Contact Game
Teaching your dog the eye contact game has three main benefits that help your dog to "grow up" and become the life companion you desire:

1. increasing your dog’s attention span as it relates to paying attention to you (dogs already have enough attention for things they want to do),
2. teaching your dog to overcome distraction, and
3. teaching impulse control.

The Basics
The eye contact game is taught by carefully increasing difficulty. You want to use rewards so your dog succeeds and succeeds often. The goal is for your dog to give you extended eye contact even near distraction. If you see signs your dog doesn’t want to play, you have either not made the game rewarding enough or have made a jump in difficulty that is too big for your dog.

A correct response on the part of the dog is "marked" with a verbal signal. I suggest "yes" as a substitute for a clicker. It should be different from the "yessss" you use as a keep going signal (KGS). Do not use a clicker because it tells the dog they have earned a treat and can now stop. We do not want to tell the dog to stop after each yes/treat.

There is no verbal cue to start the game. You will use a formal posture that tells your dog the game is afoot; the posture is your "on switch". You are always the one to start and stop the game. The cue to end the game is "okay" or any other release word you choose. Be sure you always have more treats in your hands when you end the game.

There is no cue to the dog that says, "you made a mistake", rather you wait out his mistake and then mark and reward a correct behavior. If the dog turns his total focus away from you toward a distraction, use your leash to firmly move your dog several steps away from the distraction. You might do this several times until you are far enough from the distraction for the dog to return his focus to the game.

This moving away from the distraction is done firmly and quickly enough so that your dog knows they are following you, but not so fast that your dog gets a leash pop. The idea is to interrupt the loss of focus, not punish it. We are not making the dog pay attention to us with force or to avoid a correction, but rather teaching him a fun game that becomes compelling on its own.

If the dog is unable to work through a distraction or if you are unable to move far enough away, end the game (saying "okay") and allow the dog the freedom to look at the distraction or leave the area. Typical things the dog may not be able to look away from are things that are scary or highly arousing. You still want to work on these, but do it on your own terms in a planned training session for that issue.

Some things that are especially hard for your dog may have to be worked over and over again, maybe in every few sessions for all the time for life.

Gimme here: I love food, all food. It seems to me that food on the ground should be mine to take, but my person doesn't want me to. She says it could be bad for me and so we play a special game. If I ignore the food on the ground and look really intently at my person, I can hypnotize her into giving me the good food that she has in her pockets. I love this game a lot.

In most cases the first goal is to get a duration of about 30 seconds and then add distraction. However, some dogs get bored easily and duration isn't challenging enough to keep them in the game. For those dogs, as soon as you have 5 seconds duration, start adding distraction right away.

Distractions are introduced gradually so your dog can succeed and gain confidence. Never use "traditional" proofing that sets the dog up to fail so you can get in a "good correction". Just as in teaching children, we increase the difficulty of their work as they demonstrate they are ready for it, so that they are able to succeed, challenged with new stuff and never bored.